|
System | Senses of Rotation | ||||
2 | [a] | ||||
Siemens (Syntex, Nicolet) | A | A | C | A | |
CAD-4 | C | C | C | C | |
Philips PW 1100 | A | C | A | A | C |
Busing and Levy (1967) | C | C | C | C | C |
Chidambaram (1980) | A | A | A | A | |
International Tables, Vol. IV | C | A | A | A | A |
Picker FACS-1 | C | A | A | C | |
Picker with Finger refinement | C | C | C | C | |
[a] At the present time the ABSORB program does not handle any system where the sense of rotation is not uniquely definable. This occurs for the sense of rotation of for the Syntex after Sparks. |
The formulae of Busing and Levy can be modified using the equations which follow (BL = Busing and Levy, C = clockwise, A = anti-clockwise). For any angle ( , , , , ):
(BL) = (C) = - (A)
By introducing the parameters S( ), S( ), S( ), S( ) and S( ), the senses of rotation of the circles of a diffractometer are defined as:
S = +1 for clockwise rotation S = -1 for anticlockwise rotation
Three equations are produced which convert the angles used on a diffractometer, (DIFF), to equivalent angles in the Busing and Levy system.
(BL) = S( ) * (DIFF)
The program will assume the bisecting mode unless the
angle
is stored on the bdf
(
lrrefl:
, IDN=1011). If, in the
scan mode,
does not fall
within the diffractometer limits (specified in Fields 7-8
on the
diff line) the equivalent
solution is used
= - , = + , = +
A number of different coordinate systems are used in determining absorption corrections. These are summarized as follows: ( v (system) represents a column vector in a given coordinate system.)
The reciprocal lattice system may be non-Cartesian but is not necessarily. In this system a vector v (hkl) is represented as a linear combination of the right-handed reciprocal lattice vectors.
The crystal system is a right-handed Cartesian system obtained through the transformation of the hkl system v (crystal) = B v (hkl), where B is the transformation matrix defined using the direct and reciprocal lattice parameters. The B matrix is listed below.
a* | b* cos * | c* cos * |
0 | b* sin * | -c* sin * cos |
0 | 0 | 1/c |
Calculation of the absorption corrections is done using the coordinates of the crystal system.
The system is a right-handed Cartesian system which is rigidly attached to the shaft of the diffractometer. The definition of the axes is completely arbitrary. For two examples see Busing and Levy (1967) and Coppens (1970). The ABSORB program uses the definition of Busing and Levy, i.e., with all circles set to zero, the x-axis is along the scattering vector, the y axis is in the direction of the primary beam, and the z-axis points upward. The system is related to the crystal system by the rotation matrix U as follows:
v ( ) = U v (crystal)
Two views of the crystal shape are provided as
options. These are a projection of the crystal shape along
the three cell directions or a stereoscopic view of the
crystal tilted 15° in z and -10° in y. These
options are selected by entering
or
proj
on the
ABSORB line. All plot
information is stored on the plot bdf
stereo
abs
and the program
PLOTX must be used to
display the selected view on a graphical device.
Reads reflection data from the input archive bdf
Writes absorption corrections to the output archive bdf
Writes crystal shape commands to the plot bdf
abs
Optionally, writes
HKL
lines to the line file
pch
remark SEE ALCOCK (1974) AND FLACK AND VINCENT (1980) ABSORB gauss diff c c c c c 0 orient 1 0 0 -30.66 83.32 0 1 0 23.82 34.93 faceml 1 0 0 0.10 faceml 0 1 1 0.15 faceml 0 -2 1 0.05 faceml -3 0 1 0.03 faceml 1 1 -4 0.13 grid 8 8 8 0
ABSORB analyt : Alcock's Analytical Test diff c c c c c 0 orient 1 0 0 -30.66 83.32 010 23.82 34.93 faceml 1 0 0 2.5 faceml -1 0 0 2.5 faceml 0 0 -1 10 faceml 0 1 0 3.75 faceml 0 -1 0 3.75 faceml 0 -1 1 0.883875 faceml 0 1 1 0.883875
Alcock N.W. 1970. The Analytical Method for Absorption Correction. Crystallographic Computing. F.R Ahmed, S.R. Hall, and C.P. Huber, eds., Munksgaard. Copenhagen: 271-278.
Alcock, N.W. et al. 1972. An Improvement in the Algorithm for Absorption Correction by the Analytical Method. Acta Cyst. A28, 440-444.
Alcock, N.W. 1974. Absorption and Extinction Corrections: Calculation Methods and Standard Tests. Acta Cryst. A30, 332-335.
Busing, W.R. and Levy, H.A. 1957. High-Speed Computation of the Absorption Correction for Single Crystal Diffraction Measurements. Acta Cryst. 10,180-182.
Busing, W.R. and Levy, H.A. 1967. Angle Calculations for 3- and 4- Circle X-ray and Neutron Diffractometers. Acta Cryst. 22, 457-464.
Cahen D. and Ibers, J.A. 1972. Absorption Corrections: Procedures for Checking Crystal Shape , Crystal Orientation, and Computer Absorption Programs. J.Appl. Cryst. 5, 298-299.
Chidambaram, R. 1980. Absorption Corrections for Single-Crystal X-ray and Neutron Data. Computing in Crystallography. R. Diamond, S. Ramaseshan, and K. Venkatesan, eds., Indian Academy of Sciences. Bangalore, India: 2.01.
Coppens, P. 1970. The Evaluation of Absorption and Extinction in Single-Crystal Structure Analysis. Crystallographic Computing. F.R. Ahmed, S.R. Hall, and C.P. Huber, eds., Munksgaard. Copenhagen: 255.
Coppens, P. & Hamilton, W.C. 1970. Anisotropic Extinction Corrections in the Zachariasen Approximation. Acta Cryst. A26, 71-83.
de Meulenaer, J. and Tompa, H. 1965. The Absorption Correction in Crystal Structure Analysis . Acta Cryst. 19, 1014-1018.
Flack, H.D. and Vincent, M.G. 1980. Absorption and Extinction Corrections: Standard Tests. Acta Cryst. A36, 682-686.
Gabe, E.J. 1980. Diffractometer Control with Minicomputers. Computing in Crystallography. R. Diamond, S. Ramaseshan, and K. Venkatesan, eds., The Indian Academy of Sciences. Bangalore, India: 1.01.
Grochowski, J. Personal communication.
Tibballs, J.E. 1982 The Rapid Computation of Mean Path Lengths for Spheres and Cylinders. Acta Cryst. A38, 161-163.
Tibballs, J.E. Personal communication.